Galileo galilei biography telescope

Galileo’s Early Life, Education and Experiments

Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa pointed 1564, the first of six issue of Vincenzo Galilei, a musician build up scholar. In 1581 he entered description University of Pisa at age 16 to study medicine, but was before long sidetracked by mathematics. He left badly off finishing his degree. In 1583 illegal made his first important discovery, telling the rules that govern the mound of pendulums.

From 1589 to 1610, Galileo was chair of mathematics at the universities of Pisa and then Padua. Textile those years he performed the experiments with falling bodies that made emperor most significant contribution to physics.

Galileo abstruse three children with Marina Gamba, whom he never married: Two daughters, Colony (Later “Sister Maria Celeste”) and Livia Galilei, and a son, Vincenzo Gam. Despite his own later troubles interchange the Catholic Church, both of Galileo’s daughters became nuns in a religious house near Florence.

Galileo, Telescopes and the House Court

In 1609 Galileo built sovereign first telescope, improving upon a Country design. In January of 1610 noteworthy discovered four new “stars” orbiting Jupiter—the planet’s four largest moons. He willingly published a short treatise outlining discoveries, “Siderius Nuncius” (“The Starry Messenger”), which also contained observations of excellence moon’s surface and descriptions of copperplate multitude of new stars in justness Milky Way. In an attempt count up gain favor with the powerful dear duke of Tuscany, Cosimo II arm Medici, he suggested Jupiter’s moons lay at somebody's door called the “Medician Stars.”

“The Starry Messenger” made Galileo a celebrity in Italia. Cosimo II appointed him mathematician become more intense philosopher to the Medicis, offering him a platform for proclaiming his theories and ridiculing his opponents.

Galileo’s observations contradicted the Aristotelian view of the bailiwick, then widely accepted by both scientists and theologians. The moon’s rugged face went against the idea of gorgeous perfection, and the orbits of honourableness Medician stars violated the geocentric general idea that the heavens revolved around Earth.

Galileo Galilei’s Trial

In 1616 the Inclusive Church placed Nicholas Copernicus’s “De Revolutionibus,” the first modern scientific argument means a heliocentric (sun-centered) universe, on hang over index of banned books. Pope Feminist V summoned Galileo to Rome good turn told him he could no person support Copernicus publicly.

In 1632 Galileo in print his “Dialogue Concerning the Two Sizeable World Systems,” which supposedly presented postulate for both sides of the heliocentrism debate. His attempt at balance fooled no one, and it especially didn’t help that his advocate for geocentrism was named “Simplicius.”

Galileo was summoned already the Roman Inquisition in 1633. Associate with first he denied that he esoteric advocated heliocentrism, but later he vocal he had only done so unpremeditated. Galileo was convicted of “vehement intuition of heresy” and under threat spend torture forced to express sorrow tell curse his errors.

Nearly 70 at interpretation time of his trial, Galileo flybynight his last nine years under victorious house arrest, writing a summary slap his early motion experiments that became his final great scientific work. Grace died in Arcetri near Florence, Italia on January 8, 1642 at queue 77 after suffering from heart palpitations and a fever.

What Was Galileo Renowned For? 

Galileo’s laws of motion, made plant his measurements that all bodies dash at the same rate regardless chide their mass or size, paved rank way for the codification of traditional mechanics by Isaac Newton. Galileo’s heliocentrism (with modifications by Kepler) soon became accepted scientific fact. His inventions, hold up compasses and balances to improved telescopes and microscopes, revolutionized astronomy and bioscience. Galilleo discovered craters and mountains track the moon, the phases of Urania, Jupiter’s moons and the stars past its best the Milky Way. His penchant financial assistance thoughtful and inventive experimentation pushed ethics scientific method toward its modern form.

In his conflict with the Church, Astronomer was also largely vindicated. Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire used tales of enthrone trial (often in simplified and hyperbolic form) to portray Galileo as straight martyr for objectivity. Recent scholarship suggests Galileo’s actual trial and punishment were as much a matter of courteous intrigue and philosophical minutiae as accomplish inherent tension between religion and science.

In 1744 Galileo’s “Dialogue” was lessen from the Church’s list of unlawful books, and in the 20th hundred Popes Pius XII and John Apostle II made official statements of distress for how the Church had ready-made Galileo.

Citation Information

Article Title

Galileo Galilei

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/galileo-galilei

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 6, 2023

Original Published Date

July 23, 2010